Global Population Growth Rate Research Articles

Blue green algal farming revolution: An eco-friendly top-up step for Agribusiness advancements

Global population growth rate accelerating earth ecosystem disturbance and increasing resource scarcity, malnutrition and poverty. These events challenge socio-economic development of each country and obligate scientific communities to develop such novel approaches to overcome this burden, which not only provide a healthy diet but also engage people in setting up their own business. Therefore, microalgae Spirulina is the one of the emerging food source with rich protein content and other nutritional components in adequate amount with diverse health benefits. The small scale investments in microalgae biomass production, familiarizing nutraceutical values and convert in consumable forms is the interesting agribusiness with diversified profits and popularization. Spirulina production strategies can be conventional and low-cost effective technologies. These techniques also help in designing new innovative possibilities in modifications and enhancements in the existing agriculture products processing strategies for their better use in different industries. Although most of communities are aware about agribusiness strategies of Spirulina but still it is in one the demanding and upcoming bright sector. This article reveals the methods of mass production of Spirulina and their significant role in agriculture as well as industrial.

Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Potato Tubers in Upper Egypt by Morphological and Molecular Characters

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop which holds promise for food security considering the global population growth rate. Fusarium dry rot is one of the most significant diseases of potato. To build up strategies for the control of this disease, it ought to be made primarily a correct diagnosis and identification of the pathogen. A total of 504 Fusarium isolates were recovered from potato tubers collected from Upper Egypt. Fusarium isolates were identified based on morphology and partial DNA sequencing of β-tubulin (TUB) genes. 62.5% of the isolates were identified as F. sambucinum, followed F. oxysporum (57.5%), then F. verticillioides (56.25%) and F. incarnatum (47.5%). All the tested Fusarium species were able to produce amylase. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by inoculation of healthy potato tubers; all of the tested isolates were pathogenic to healthy potato tubers. F. sambucinum had a highly virulent effect.

An Improved Global Analysis of Population Distribution in Proximity to Active Volcanoes, 1975–2015

Better and more detailed analyses of global human exposure to hazards and associated disaster risk require improved geoinformation on population distribution and densities. In particular, issues of temporal and spatial resolution are important for determining the capacity for assessing changes in these distributions. We combine the best-available global population grids with latest data on volcanoes, to assess and characterize the worldwide distribution of population from 1975–2015 in relation to recent volcanism. Both Holocene volcanoes and those where there is evidence of significant eruptions are considered. A comparative analysis is conducted for the volcanic hot spots of Southeast Asia and Central America. Results indicate that more than 8% of the world’s 2015 population lived within 100 km of a volcano with at least one significant eruption, and more than 1 billion people (14.3%) lived within 100 km of a Holocene volcano, with human concentrations in this zone increasing since 1975 above the global population growth rate. While overall spatial patterns of population density have been relatively stable in time, their variation with distance is not monotonic, with a higher concentration of people between 10 and 20 km from volcanoes. We find that in last 40 years in Southeast Asia the highest population growth rates have occurred in close proximity to volcanoes (within 10 km), whereas in Central America these are observed farther away (beyond 50 km), especially after 1990 and for Holocene volcanoes.

ZIMBABWE’S PARKS AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY: CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Over the centuries, there has been a widespread destruction of wildlife species at the global level. Some of the causes of wildlife extinctions have been the loss of habitats due to global population growth rates. Some areas which used to be habitats for wildlife have been turned into commercial farms, towns and cities. In traditional Africa wildlife co-existed peacefully with human populations. Although some animals were occasionally hunted for meat and ivory, this practice could never upset the ecological balance due to the primitive nature of the weapons which were employed. However, with the advent of colonialism, many animal species were driven to extinction due to the efficiency of the weapons which were used. The use of fire arms in hunting expeditions became a major threat to animals such as elephants, rhinos, buffaloes, lions and impalas. While in North America many species such as the passenger pigeon disappeared, in Africa many have survived although they are still under threat from poachers. This paper examines the challenges which confront the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (PWMA) in the conservation of wildlife species such as elephants, lions, rhinos, buffaloes and impala. It focuses on the challenges which have occurred since 2000 during the ‘Fast Track Land Reform Programme’ (FTLRP). It is based on information which was collected in October, 2017. This involved the use of secondary and primary sources of information including interviews and questionnaires. Article visualizations:

A review of wheat diseases-a field perspective.

Wheat is one of the primary staple foods throughout the planet. Significant yield gains in wheat production over the past 40years have resulted in a steady balance of supply versus demand. However, predicted global population growth rates and dietary changes mean that substantial yield gains over the next several decades will be needed to meet this escalating demand. A key component to meeting this challenge is better management of fungal incited diseases, which can be responsible for 15%-20% yield losses per annum. Prominent diseases of wheat that currently contribute to these losses include the rusts, blotches and head blight/scab. Other recently emerged or relatively unnoticed diseases, such as wheat blast and spot blotch, respectively, also threaten grain production. This review seeks to provide an overview of the impact, distribution and management strategies of these diseases. In addition, the biology of the pathogens and the molecular basis of their interaction with wheat are discussed.

Water Scarcity and Future Challenges for Food Production

Present water shortage is one of the primary world issues, and according to climate change projections, it will be more critical in the future. Since water availability and accessibility are the most significant constraining factors for crop production, addressing this issue is indispensable for areas affected by water scarcity. Current and future issues related to “water scarcity” are reviewed in this paper so as to highlight the necessity of a more sustainable approach to water resource management. As a consequence of increasing water scarcity and drought, resulting from climate change, considerable water use for irrigation is expected to occur in the context of tough competition between agribusiness and other sectors of the economy. In addition, the estimated increment of the global population growth rate points out the inevitable increase of food demand in the future, with an immediate impact on farming water use. Since a noteworthy relationship exists between the water possessions of a country and the capacity for food production, assessing the irrigation needs is indispensable for water resource planning in order to meet food needs and avoid excessive water consumption.

Air quality solutions need to be embedded in mainstream consciousness

Over half of the world's population currently live in urban areas. Although the global population growth rate is declining, the global population is increasing and is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, with an estimated 70% living in towns and cities. This growing population will create more demands on an increasingly stressed planet with limited resources. It will be cities and the associated industrial and commercial activities that will demand the majority of the 40% increase in world energy forecast by 2030. It will be cities that will demand the majority of the 70% increase in food forecast by 2025. It will be in cities where the growing middle classes will be the main consumers of electricity, oil, food beverages, household appliances, cars and other goods and service. This is a potential recipe for continued poor air quality and illustrates the importance of integrated multi-stakeholder strategic planning and coordinated management.

Introduction: Economics of an Ageing World

In the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s there was great concern that the population of the world was growing too rapidly. This concern generated a series of books aimed at getting the over-population message across to a more general audience. Perhaps three of the most influential were Karl Sax’s Standing Room Only (1955), Paul Ehrlich’s The Population Bomb (1968), and Donella H. Meadows et al.’s The Limits to Growth (1972). This view of impending ‘doom and gloom’ is best exemplified by Ehrlich’s chilling warning: ‘mankind will breed itself into oblivion (p. xii)’. It is safe to conclude that much of what was predicted in these books has not happened. The fact that the global population growth rate is slowing is welcome news in the sense that many of the economic, social and environmental problems caused and/or exacerbated by population growth should lessen. However, decreasing population growth, driven by declining fertility and longer lifespans among other things, is creating a new set of problems—the populations of many countries are ageing rapidly. ‘Population ageing’ is the redistribution of relative population shares away from the younger to the older age groups, leading to an increase in the average or median age of the population. According to the United Nations (2005), there are only 18 ‘outlier’ countries, where currently population ageing is not occurring. In this sense, population ageing is a global phenomena and not a ‘problem’ restricted to the highincome countries of Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan.

Toward Sustainable Production of Second Generation Bioenergy Feedstocks†

Some analysts point to continuing advances in agricultural technology and declining global population growth rates to predict a substantial surplus of agricultural land by 2050. Such surplus land could be diverted into growing biomass for renewable energy to help overcome the global challenge of climate change. Others suggest that diversion of agricultural land into bioenergy will exacerbate risk of chronic food shortage by 2050. On balance it appears that declining population growth rate, continuing technology advance, and intensifying use of existing global agricultural land could support sufficient food production as well as some bioenergy production. Competitive bioenergy requires development of second-generation (lignocellulosic) feedstocks rather than first-generation (starch, sugar, and oilseed) feedstocks. Second-generation feedstocks from woody crops have the potential to complement intensive agriculture and ameliorate its environmental impacts. Woody biomass crops may therefore have a lower effe...

Beyond Population: Everyone Counts in Development

This essay reviews important demographic trends expected to occur between 2010 and 2050, indicates some of their implications for economic and global development, and suggests some possible policies to respond these trends and implications. The century from 1950 to 2050 will have witnessed the highest global population growth rate ever, the largest voluntary fall in the global population growth rate ever, and the most enormous demographic shift ever between the more developed and less developed regions. In the coming half century, according to most demographers, the world’s population will grow older, larger (albeit more slowly), and more urban than in the 20th century, but with much variance within and across regions. No one knows what population and demographic characteristics of humans are sustainable, but it is clear that having a billion or people chronically hungry today results from collective human choices, not biophysical necessities. Concrete policy options to respond to demographic trends include providing universal primary and secondary education, eliminating unmet needs for contraception and reproductive health, and implementing demographically sensitive urban planning, particularly construction for greater energy efficiency and for an aging population.

PREDICTING POPULATION TRENDS OF THE BLACK-FACED SPOONBILL (PLATALEA MINOR)

The global population of the Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) has increased steadily. We estimated global population growth rates of the Black-faced Spoonbill based on annual counts of wintering populations in East Asia between 1991/1992 and 2003/2004. The mean (±SD) annual growth rate was 1.13 ± 0.08. The estimated survival rate was 86.6 ± 9.3% based on the annual return rates of color-banded birds in Taiwan between 1998 and 2005. We predicted global Black-faced Spoonbill populations in 2003/2004–2013/ 2014 using a stochastic exponential model and showed the mean global population in 2013/2014 would exceed 4,000 ± 950. The probability of a global population decline to less than the 2003/2004 level is low (P = 0.06). If the 1991–2004 growth rate is sustained, the probability for the global population to increase to twice that of the 2003/2004 level is 0.98 and the predicted mean wintering population in Taiwan could exceed 2,000 in 2013/ 2014. Establishment of new protective areas and increasing food availability at existing reserves and adjacent fish ponds in southwestern Taiwan will be necessary to ensure continued growth.

Population Policy Shifts and Their Implications for Population Stabilisation in Pakistan

The visible fast increase in the growth rate of world population occurred during the second half of the twentieth century due to the faster declines in mortality following the medical and public health advances made around the time of World War II. The global population growth rate after peaking of at around 1.7 to 1.9 percent per annum in the 1970s and 1980s has since started declining and is currently around 1.4 percent per annum. The world population more than doubled, recording 142 percent increase, from 2.51 billion in 1950 to around 6.07 billion in 2000 [Hakim (2000)]. Most of the increase has been in less developed countries, from 1.68 billion in 1950 to 4.88 billion in 2000, recording 190 percent. Compared to this, the more developed countries witnessed only a marginal increase of 43 percent from 0.83 billion in 1950 to 1.19 billion population in 2000.

It's Time for the World to Get Realistic about Meat

Raising more grain and meat per hectare of land is now more important to the world's future than further lowering the global population growth rate. That's because the human population is already stabilizing rapidly, but global meat demand is soaring. Will the additional meat be produced by ploughing up the world's tropical forests and other wildlands, or by increasing yields from existing fields and pastures? Will land-deficient Asia's workers be priced out of world markets by high food costs? These are vital questions for the twenty-first century, both for people's quality of life and for saving the environment. The real food danger for the future is not famine, but the potential that millions of square miles of wildlife habitat will be ploughed up for low-yield crops and livestock.